The Supreme Court of India stands as the final interpreter of the Constitution and the ultimate guardian of fundamental rights. For aspirants of UPSC, SSC CGL, Railways, Banking, and State Judiciary exams, mastering the nuances of the apex court is non-negotiable. From the historic Kesavananda Bharati case to the latest 2024 rulings on Electoral Bonds and Article 370, questions on the judiciary are a staple in every competitive paper.
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Supreme Court of India GK Questions & MCQs with Answers PDF
Section 1: Constitutional Foundation &
history
1. What is the highest judicial authority in India?
Answer: The Supreme Court of India.
2. When was the Supreme Court of India established?
Answer: January 28, 1950.
3. Which part of the Indian Constitution deals with the Union Judiciary?
Answer: Part V (The Union).
4. Which chapter of Part V of the Constitution contains provisions related to the Supreme Court?
Answer:
Chapter IV.
5. Which Articles of the Constitution deal with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Articles 124 to 147.
6. How many judges were originally provided for in the Constitution for the Supreme Court?
Answer: Eight (one
Chief Justice and seven other judges).
7. Who has the power to increase the number of judges in the Supreme Court?
Answer: Parliament.
8. What is the current sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court of India?
Answer: 34 (including the Chief Justice of
India).
9. Which Act established the Federal Court of India, the predecessor of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Government of
India Act, 1935.
10. In which year did the Federal Court of India begin its operations?
Answer: 1937.
11. Who was the first Chief Justice of India?
Answer: Harilal J. Kania.
12. Where is the seat of the Supreme Court of India located?
Answer:
New Delhi.
13. Which Article of the Constitution empowers the Chief Justice of India to appoint a place other than Delhi as the seat of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
Article 130.
14. Whose approval is required for the Chief Justice to appoint another place as the seat of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The President of India.
15. Is the Supreme Court a court of record?
Answer: Yes, under Article
129.
16. What does it mean for the Supreme Court to be a 'court of record'?
Answer: Its proceedings and acts are recorded for perpetual
memory and testimony, and it has the power to punish for contempt of itself.
17. Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The President
of India.
18. Under which Article is the appointment of Supreme Court judges made?
Answer: Article 124(2).
19. What is the minimum age required to become a judge of the Supreme Court?
Answer: There is no minimum age specified in the Constitution.
20. What is the retirement age for a Supreme Court judge?
Answer: 65
years.
21. To whom does a Supreme Court judge address their resignation?
Answer: The President of India.
22. On what grounds can a Supreme Court judge be removed?
Answer:
Proved misbehavior or incapacity.
23. Who has the authority to remove a Supreme Court judge?
Answer: The
President, following an address by each House of Parliament supported by a
special majority.
24. What is the required majority in Parliament to pass a motion for the removal of a judge?
Answer: A majority of the total membership of that
House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and
voting.
25. Has any Supreme Court judge ever been removed through impeachment?
Answer: No.
26. Who was the first judge against whom removal proceedings were initiated?
Answer: Justice V. Ramaswami (1991-1993).
27. What are the qualifications required to be appointed as a Supreme Court judge?
Answer: Must be a citizen of India and either a High Court judge
for 5 years, an advocate of a High Court for 10 years, or a distinguished
jurist in the opinion of the President.
28. Who administers the oath of office to the Chief Justice of India?
Answer: The President of India.
29. Can a retired Supreme Court judge practice law in any court in India?
Answer: No, they are prohibited from pleading or acting in any
court or before any authority within the territory of India.
30. Which Article provides for the appointment of ad hoc judges in the Supreme Court?
Answer: Article 127.
31. Who can appoint ad hoc judges to the Supreme Court?
Answer: The
Chief Justice of India, with the previous consent of the President and after
consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned.
32. Which Article allows the Chief Justice of India to request a retired judge to sit and act as a judge of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Article 128.
33. Are the salaries and allowances of Supreme Court judges subject to vote in Parliament?
Answer: No, they are charged to the Consolidated Fund of
India.
34. Can the salaries of Supreme Court judges be reduced during their tenure?
Answer: No, except during a financial emergency (Article 360).
35. Which Article states that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India?
Answer: Article 141.
36. What is the term used for the power of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders?
Answer:
Judicial Review.
37. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to review its own judgments or orders?
Answer: Article 137.
38. What is the language used in the Supreme Court?
Answer: English
(unless otherwise provided by Parliament by law).
39. Who is the administrative head of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The
Chief Justice of India.
40. What is the motto of the Supreme Court of India?
Answer: Yato
Dharmastato Jayah (Where there is Dharma, there is Victory).
41. From which ancient text is the motto of the Supreme Court taken?
Answer: The Mahabharata.
42. Who designed the current Supreme Court building?
Answer: Ganesh
Bhikaji Deolalikar.
43. In which year was the current Supreme Court building inaugurated?
Answer: 1958.
44. What is the shape of the Supreme Court building complex?
Answer: It
is designed in the shape of scales of justice.
45. Who was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Justice
M. Fathima Beevi (appointed in 1989).
46. Which Article grants the Supreme Court the power to punish for its contempt? Answer:
Article 129.
47. What is the significance of the date January 26, 1950, in relation to the Supreme Court?
Answer: It is the date the Constitution of India came
into effect, establishing the Supreme Court.
48. Who was the Chief Justice of India when the concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was introduced?
Answer: Justice P.N. Bhagwati.
49. Which Article mandates that all authorities, civil and judicial, in the territory of India shall act in aid of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Article
144.
50. Is the Supreme Court of India the highest court of appeal?
Answer:
Yes, it is the final court of appeal in India.
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Section 2: Powers, Jurisdiction & Functions
1. What are the three main types of jurisdiction exercised by the Supreme Court?
Answer: Original, Appellate,
and Advisory.
2. Under which Article does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?
Answer: Article 131.
3. What kind of disputes fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Disputes between the
Government of India and one or more States, or between two or more States.
4. Can a dispute between a citizen and the Government of India be brought directly to the Supreme Court under Article 131?
Answer: No, Article 131 only applies to disputes between the Union
and States or between States.
5. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
Answer:
Article 32.
6. What are the five types of writs that the Supreme Court can issue?
Answer: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition,
Quo-Warranto, and Certiorari.
7. Is the writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court exclusive?
Answer: No, High Courts also have writ jurisdiction under
Article 226.
8. Which Article grants the Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction in constitutional matters?
Answer: Article 132.
9. Under which Article can an appeal be made to the Supreme Court in civil matters?
Answer: Article 133.
10. Under which Article can an appeal be made to the Supreme Court in criminal matters?
Answer: Article 134.
11. What is a Special Leave Petition (SLP)?
Answer: A petition seeking
special permission to appeal against any judgment, decree, determination,
sentence, or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or
tribunal in the territory of India.
12. Which Article grants the Supreme Court the power to grant Special Leave to Appeal?
Answer: Article 136.
13. Is the power under Article 136 discretionary or mandatory?
Answer:
It is discretionary.
14. Can the Supreme Court grant special leave to appeal against a judgment of a court-martial?
Answer: No, Article 136(2) specifically excludes
military courts and tribunals.
15. What is the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The
power of the President to consult the Supreme Court on questions of law or fact
of public importance.
16. Which Article defines the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Article 143.
17. Is the advice given by the Supreme under Article 143 binding on the President?
Answer: No, it is merely advisory.
18. Is the Supreme Court bound to give its opinion on every reference made by the President?
Answer: Not necessarily, but generally it does. However,
in cases involving pre-constitutional treaties, it is mandatory.
19. What is the 'Curative Petition' in the Supreme Court?
Answer: A
final remedy to reconsider a judgment after a review petition has been
dismissed, to prevent abuse of process and gross miscarriage of justice.
20. Which landmark case established the concept of Curative Petition?
Answer: Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra (2002).
21. What is the power of 'Judicial Review'?
Answer: The power of the
court to examine the constitutionality of legislative acts and executive
orders.
22. Which Article gives the Supreme Court the power to transfer cases from one High Court to another?
Answer: Article 139A.
23. Can the Supreme Court withdraw a case from a High Court to itself if it involves a substantial question of law?
Answer: Yes, under Article 139A.
24. What is the 'Court of Record' status of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
It means its records are admitted to be of evidentiary value and cannot be
questioned in any court, and it has the power to punish for contempt.
25. Who has the power to enlarge the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Parliament, by law.
26. Which Article grants the Supreme Court the power to make rules for regulating its practice and procedure?
Answer: Article 145.
27. Whose approval is required for the rules made by the Supreme Court under Article 145?
Answer: The President of India.
28. What is the minimum number of judges required to hear a case involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution?
Answer: Five (a Constitution Bench).
29. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to pass such decree or order as is necessary for doing 'complete justice'?
Answer: Article 142.
30. What is the significance of Article 141? Answer: It makes the law
declared by the Supreme Court binding on all other courts in India.
31. Can the Supreme Court reconsider its own previous decisions?
Answer: Yes, it has the power to overrule its previous
decisions.
32. What is the 'Doctrine of Stare Decisis'?
Answer: The principle that
once a point of law has been decided, it should generally be followed in future
similar cases.
33. Does the Supreme Court have the power to punish for contempt of subordinate courts?
Answer: Yes, as a court of record it has inherent
powers.
34. What is the maximum punishment the Supreme Court can award for contempt of court?
Answer: Simple imprisonment for up to six months or a fine up to
₹2,000, or both.
35. Who represents the Government of India in the Supreme Court?
Answer: The Attorney General for India and other law officers like
the Solicitor General.
36. Can the Supreme Court issue a writ against the President of India?
Answer: No, the President is personally immune from legal
proceedings during their term of office.
37. What is the 'Epistolary Jurisdiction' of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
The practice of treating a letter addressed to the court as a writ petition
(part of the PIL movement).
38. Which Article states that the Supreme Court shall have all the powers of a civil court for the purpose of securing the attendance of any person?
Answer: Article 142(2).
39. Can the Supreme Court grant bail?
Answer: Yes, it has the power to
grant bail in appropriate cases.
40. What is the 'Doctrine of Prospective Overruling'?
Answer: A
doctrine where a court's decision applies only to future cases and not
retrospectively.
41. In which case was the Doctrine of Prospective Overruling first applied by the Supreme Court?
Answer: I.C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab (19
reasoning).
42. What is the role of the Supreme Court in presidential and vice-presidential elections?
Answer: It has the exclusive authority to
decide all doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with such elections.
43. Which Article grants the Supreme Court the power to decide election disputes of the President and Vice-President?
Answer: Article 71.
44. Can the Supreme Court declare a law passed by Parliament as unconstitutional?
Answer: Yes, if it violates the provisions of the
Constitution.
45. What is the 'Basic Structure Doctrine'?
Answer: The principle that
the Parliament cannot amend the basic features of the Constitution.
46. Which case established the Basic Structure Doctrine?
Answer:
Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973).
47. Does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction over disputes between a state and a citizen of another state?
Answer: No.
48. What is the significance of Article 139?
Answer: It allows
Parliament to confer on the Supreme Court the power to issue writs for purposes
other than the enforcement of fundamental rights.
49. Can the Supreme Court issue a writ of Mandamus against a private individual?
Answer: No, Mandamus is generally issued to public officials
or bodies.
50. What is the 'Suo Motu' power of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The
power of the court to take up a case on its own motion without a formal
petition being filed.
Section 3: Landmark Judgments & Legal
Doctrines
1. Which case is known as the 'Fundamental Rights Case'?
Answer: Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973).
2. What was the size of the bench in the Kesavananda Bharati case?
Answer: 13 judges (the largest ever).
3. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution?
Answer: Kesavananda
Bharati case (overruling the Berubari Union case).
4.
Which case established that 'Right to
Life' includes the right to live with human dignity? Answer: Francis
Coralie Mullin v. Union Territory of Delhi (1981).
5. In which case was the 'Procedure Established by Law' interpreted as 'Substantive Due Process'?
Answer:
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978).
6. Which case is famous for the 'Creamy Layer' concept in reservations?
Answer: Indra Sawhney v. Union of India
(1992).
7. In which case did the Supreme Court strike down the 99th Constitutional Amendment and the NJAC Act?
Answer:
Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (2015).
8. Which judgment declared the Right to Privacy as a fundamental right?
Answer: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v.
Union of India (2017).
9. Which case led to the guidelines for preventing sexual harassment at the workplace?
Answer: Vishaka v. State of
Rajasthan (1997).
10. In which case was the practice of 'Triple Talaq' declared unconstitutional?
Answer: Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017).
11. Which judgment decriminalized consensual homosexual acts between adults?
Answer: Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018).
12. Which case established the 'Doctrine of Absolute Liability' in India?
Answer: M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak Case, 1987).
13. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Parliament cannot take away the power of judicial review?
Answer: Minerva Mills v. Union of India
(1980).
14. Which case is known as the 'Habeas Corpus Case'?
Answer: ADM
Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla (1976).
15. In which case did the Supreme Court lay down guidelines against custodial torture?
Answer: D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997).
16. Which judgment allowed passive euthanasia under specific conditions?
Answer: Common Cause v. Union of India (2018).
17. In which case was the 'Doctrine of Pith and Substance' clearly explained?
Answer: State of Bombay v. F.N. Balsara.
18. Which case established that the President's power to dismiss a state government is not absolute and is subject to judicial review?
Answer: S.R.
Bommai v. Union of India (1994).
19. In which case did the Supreme Court recognize the 'Third Gender' (Transgender) as having fundamental rights?
Answer: National Legal
Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India (2014).
20. Which case resulted in the mandatory playing of the National Anthem in cinema halls (later modified)?
Answer: Shyam Narayan Chouksey v. Union of
India.
21. Which judgment legalized the entry of women of all ages into the Sabarimala Temple?
Answer: Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of
Kerala (2018).
22. In which case was the Section 66A of the IT Act struck down?
Answer: Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015).
23. Which case led to the introduction of the NOTA (None of the Above) option in elections?
Answer: PUCL v. Union of India (2013).
24. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Parliament cannot amend the Fundamental Rights?
Answer: I.C. Golaknath v. State of_Punjab
(1967) - Note: This was later overruled by Kesavananda Bharati.
25. Which case established the 'Rarest of Rare' doctrine for death penalty?
Answer:
Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980).
26. In which case was the concept of 'Public Trust Doctrine' introduced in environmental law?
Answer: M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997).
27. Which judgment declared the 201 clear space around the Taj Mahal as a 'Taj Trapezium Zone'?
Answer: M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Trapezium
Case).
28. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Governor's recommendation for President's Rule is subject to judicial review?
Answer:
Rameshwar Prasad v. Union of India (2006).
29. Which case established that the Chief Justice of India must consult a collegium of judges for appointments?
Answer: Second Judges Case (Supreme
Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India, 1993).
30. In which case was the 'Doctrine of Colorable Legislation' discussed?
Answer: K.C. Gajapati Narayan Deo v. State of Orissa.
31. Which case confirmed that the Parliament has the power to amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights, as long as it doesn't alter the basic structure?
Answer: Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala.
32. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the right to education is a fundamental right?
Answer: Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka (1992) and
Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993).
33. Which case is associated with the closing of the gap between the executive and the judiciary regarding judge appointments?
Answer: Three
Judges Cases.
34. In which case was the 'Doctrine of Eclipse' first applied?
Answer:
Bhikaji Narain Dhakras v. State of Madhya Pradesh.
35. Which case established that the right to travel abroad is part of personal liberty under Article 21?
Answer: Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
(1978).
36. In which case did the Supreme Court strike down the provision of the 42nd Amendment that gave unlimited power to Parliament to amend the Constitution?
Answer: Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980).
37. Which case led to the implementation of the Mandal Commission recommendations?
Answer: Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992).
38. In which case was the 'Doctrine of Severability' applied?
Answer:
A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras.
39. Which case established that the benefit of the doubt must go to the accused?
Answer: Kali Ram v. State of Himachal_Pr Land.
40. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the office of the Chief Justice of India comes under the ambit of the Right to Information (RTI) Act?
Answer: Central Public Information Officer, SC v. Subhash Chandra
Agarwal (2019).
41. Which case confirmed the constitutional validity of the death penalty?
Answer: Jagmohan Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1973).
42. In which case was the 'Doctrine of Waiver' of fundamental rights rejected?
Answer: Behram Khurshid Pesikaka v. State of Bombay.
43. Which case established that an accused has the right to consult a legal practitioner from the moment of arrest?
Answer: Nandini Satpathy v. P.L.
Dani (1978).
44. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution?
Answer: Berubari Union case (1960) - Note: This
was later reversed.
45. Which case is known for the 'Doctrine of Harmonious Construction'?
Answer: C.P. & Berar Sales of Motor Spirit and
Lubricants Taxation Act, 1938.
46. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the right to a clean environment is a part of the right to life?
Answer: M.C. Mehta v. Union of
India.
47. Which case established the 'Principle of Non-Arbitrariness' in Article 14?
Answer: E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu (1974).
48. In which case was the 'Doctrine of Territorial Nexus' applied?
Answer: State of Bombay v. R.M.D. Chamarbaugwala.
49. Which case dealt with the validity of the 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS)?
Answer: Janhit Abhiyan v. Union of
India (2022).
50. In which case did the Supreme Court uphold the abrogation of Article 370?
Answer: In re: Article 370 of the Constitution (2023).
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Section 4: Chief Justice of India & Judges
1. Who is the current Chief Justice of India (as of early 2024)?
Answer: Justice Surya Kant
2. Who was the first Chief Justice of India?
Answer: H.J. Kania.
3. Who was the longest-serving Chief Justice of India?
Answer: Y.V. Chandrachud (over 7 years).
4. Who was the shortest-serving Chief Justice of India?
Answer: Kamal Narain Singh (only 17 days).
5. Who was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Justice M. Fathima Beevi.
6. Who was the first Chief Justice of India from the Dalit community?
Answer: Justice K.G. Balakrishnan.
7. Which Chief Justice of India also served as the acting President of India?
Answer: Justice M. Hidayatullah.
8. Who was the first woman to be directly elevated from the Bar to the Supreme Court bench?
Answer: Justice Indu
Malhotra.
9. Who is the first person to be appointed as a Supreme Court judge directly from the Bar?
Answer: Justice S.M.
Sikri.
10. How many women have been appointed as judges of the Supreme Court to date?
Answer: 11 (as of early 20 shed).
11. Who is expected to become the first female Chief Justice of India in 2027?
Answer: Justice B.V. Nagarathna.
12. What is the retirement age for a Supreme Court judge?
Answer: 65
years.
13. Who appoints the Chief Justice of India?
Answer: The President of
India.
14. What is the conventional practice followed in the appointment of the Chief Justice of India?
Answer: Senior-most judge of the Supreme Court is
appointed as the CJI.
15. Has the seniority principle ever been violated in the appointment of the CJI?
Answer: Yes, in 1973 (A.N. Ray) and 1977 (M.U. Beg).
16. What is the salary of the Chief Justice of India?
Answer: ₹2.80
lakh per month (plus allowances).
17. What is the salary of a Supreme Court judge?
Answer: ₹2.50 lakh per
month (plus allowances).
18. Who administers the oath of office to a new Supreme Court judge?
Answer:
The President or some person appointed by him.
19. Can a Supreme Court judge be removed by the President alone?
Answer: No, only after an address by Parliament.
20. What is the minimum number of years of experience required for a High Court judge to be eligible for the Supreme Court?
Answer: 5 years.
21. What is the minimum number of years of experience required for an advocate to be eligible for the Supreme Court?
Answer: 10 years.
22. Can a distinguished jurist be appointed as a Supreme Court judge?
Answer: Yes, under Article 124.
23. Has any distinguished jurist ever been appointed to the Supreme Court?
Answer: No.
24. Who was the first Chief Justice of the Federal Court of India?
Answer: Sir Maurice Gwyer.
25. Who was the first Indian Chief Justice of the Federal Court of India?
Answer: H.J. Kania.
26. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the appointment of an Acting Chief Justice?
Answer: Article 126.
27. Who can appoint an Acting Chief Justice of India?
Answer: The
President of India.
28. What is the 'Collegium System'?
Answer: A system where a committee
of the Chief Justice of India and four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court
recommend names for appointment and transfer of judges.
29. Is the Collegium System mentioned in the Constitution?
Answer: No,
it evolved through judicial precedents (Three Judges Cases).
30. Who was the Chief Justice of India during the Emergency (1 child 1975-1977)?
Answer: Justice A.N. Ray.
31. Which CJI is known for introducing the concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL)?
Answer: Justice P.N. Bhagwati.
32. Who was the first CJI to be appointed from outside the High Court judiciary?
Answer: Justice S.M. Sikri (he was a direct appointee from the
Bar).
33. Who was the first Chief Justice of India to die in office?
Answer:
Justice H.J. Kania.
34. Who was the first Chief Justice of India to resign from office?
Answer: Justice K. Subba Rao (to contest for President).
35. Which Article allows the President to consult the Supreme Court?
Answer: Article 143.
36. Can a retired Supreme Court judge hold any office of profit under the Government?
Answer: Yes, but they are generally barred from practicing
law.
37. Who was the first woman judge of the Supreme High Court?
Answer:
Justice Anna Chandy (Kerala High Court).
38. Who was the first woman Chief Justice of a High Court?
Answer:
Justice Leila Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court).
39. How many judges are currently in the Supreme Court of India?
Answer: 34 (including the CJI).
40. Who is the current (as of early 2024) senior-most judge after the CJI?
Answer: Justice Sanjiv Khanna.
41. Which CJI headed the bench that gave the Ayodhya verdict?
Answer:
Justice Ranjan Gogoi.
42. Who was the first Chief Justice of India to be appointed as a Governor?
Answer: Justice P. Sathasivam (Governor of Kerala).
43. Who was the first Chief Justice of India to be nominated to the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: Justice Ranjan Gogoi.
44. Which Article deals with the salaries of judges?
Answer: Article
125.
45. Can the number of judges in the Supreme Court be decreased by the President?
Answer: No, only the Parliament can change the number of judges
by law.
46. Who was the Chief Justice of India during the passage of the 42nd Amendment?
Answer: Justice A.N. Ray.
47. Who was the Chief Justice of India when the Right to Property was removed as a fundamental right?
Answer: Justice M. Hidayatullah.
48. Which CJI presided over the bench that delivered the Kesavananda Bharati judgment?
Answer: Justice S.M. Sikri.
49. Who was the first person from the Northeast to become the Chief Justice of India?
Answer: Justice Ranjan Gogoi.
50. Who is the current (2024) Secretary-General of the Supreme Court of
India? Answer: Atul M. Kurhekar.
Section 5: Fundamental Rights & Social
Justice
1. Which Article of the Constitution is called the 'Heart and Soul of the Constitution' by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?
Answer: Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies).
2. Can the Supreme Court issue writs against private individuals for violation of fundamental rights?
Answer:
Generally no, except for Habeas Corpus.
3. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to grant special leave to appeal?
Answer: Article 136.
4. What is the primary role of the Supreme Court regarding fundamental rights?
Answer: It is the protector and
guarantor of fundamental rights.
5. Which case established that the right to privacy is a fundamental right?
Answer: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v.
Union of India (2017).
6. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the right to travel abroad is a part of Article 21?
Answer:
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India.
7. Which Article prohibits the employment of children in factories?
Answer: Article 24.
8. Which writ is issued by the court to release a person who has been detained illegally?
Answer: Habeas Corpus.
9. What does the writ of 'Mandamus' mean?
Answer: 'We command'.
10. Which writ is issued to prevent a lower court from exceeding its jurisdiction?
Answer: Prohibition.
11. Which writ is issued to quash the order of a lower court or tribunal?
Answer: Certiorari.
12. What does 'Quo-Warranto' mean?
Answer: 'By what authority'.
13. Can a person approach the Supreme Court directly for the enforcement of fundamental rights?
Answer: Yes, under Article 32.
14. Which Article of the Constitution guarantees the right to equality?
Answer: Article 14.
15. Which Article guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty?
Answer: Article 21.
16. In which case was the 'Doctrine of Basic Structure' first propounded?
Answer: Kesavananda Bharati case.
17. Which Article of the Constitution abolishes untouchability?
Answer:
Article 17.
18. Which case led to the guidelines for the protection of good sam's (people who help road accident victims)?
Answer: Savelife Foundation v.
Union of India.
19. In which case did the Supreme Court recognize the right to die with dignity as a part of the right to life?
Answer: Common Cause v. Union of India
(2018).
20. Which Article guarantees the right to freedom of religion?
Answer: Articles 25 to 28.
21. Which case established that the right to education is a fundamental right for children aged 6 to 14?
Answer: Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra
Pradesh (later codified in Art 21A).
22. Which Article was added to the Constitution by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002?
Answer: Article 21A (Right to Education).
23. In which case did the Supreme Court strike down the practice of instant Triple Talaq?
Answer: Shayara Bano v. Union of India.
24. Which case established the 'Creamy Layer' k- k criterion for OBC reservations?
Answer: Indra Sawhney v. Union of India.
25. Which Article guarantees the right to move freely throughout the territory of_India?
Answer: Article defined 19(1)(d).
26. Can fundamental rights be suspended?
Answer: Yes, during a National
Emergency (except Articles 20 and 21).
27. Which Article grants the right to establish and administer educational institutions to minorities?
Answer: Article 30.
28. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution?
Answer: Berubari Union case (1960).
29. Which case overruled the Berubari Union case regarding the Preamble?
Answer: Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
30. Which Article of the Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth?
Answer: Article 15.
31. In which case did the Supreme Court lay down the 'Vishaka Guidelines'?
Answer: Vishaka v. State of_RE Rajasthan.
32. Which case is associated with the 'Right to Information' being a part of freedom of speech?
Answer: State of UP v. Raj Narain (1975).
33. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the protection against arrest and detention in certain cases?
Answer: Article 22.
34. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the right to a clean environment is a fundamental right?
Answer: M.C. Mehta v. Union of India.
35. Which Article guarantees the freedom of speech and expression?
Answer: Article 19(1)(a).
36. In which case did the Supreme Court strike down Section 377 of the IPC to the extent it criminalized consensual homosexual acts?
Answer: Navtej
Singh Johar v. Union of India.
37. Which Article guarantees the right to form associations or unions?
Answer: Article 19(1)(c).
38. In which case did the Supreme Court uphold the constitutional validity of the Aadhaar Act?
Answer: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of
India (2018).
39. Which Article prohibits forced labor or begar?
Answer: Article 23.
40. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Parliament cannot amend the basic structure of the Constitution?
Answer: Kesavananda Bharati
case.
41. Which Article guarantees the right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business?
Answer: Article 19(1)(g).
42. In which case did the Supreme Court recognize the right to shelter as a fundamental right?
Answer: Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation.
43. Which Article guarantees the protection of interests of minorities?
Answer: Article 29.
44. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the right to privacy is an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty?
Answer: Justice
K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India.
45. Which Article of the Constitution guarantees the right to constitutional remedies?
Answer: Article 32.
46. In which case did the Supreme Court lay down guidelines for the arrest of a person?
Answer: D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal.
47. Which Article guarantees the right to freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion?
Answer: Article 25.
48. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the right to live includes the right to a healthy environment?
Answer: Subhash Kumar v. State of
Bihar.
49. Which Article of the Constitution prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory or mine?
Answer: Article 24.
50. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the right to speedy trial is a fundamental right?
Answer: Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary,
State of Bihar.
Section 6: Recent Developments &
Miscellaneous
1. Who is the current Chief Justice of India (as of early 2026)?
Answer: Justice Surya Kant.
2. Who is the 51st Chief Justice of India?
Answer: Justice Sanjiv Khanna (took office in Nov 2024).
3. In which year did the Supreme Court of India celebrate its 75th anniversary?
Answer: 2024.
4. What is the name of the artificial intelligence (AI) translation tool launched by the Supreme Court to translate judgments into regional languages?
Answer: SUVAS (Supreme Court Vidhik
Anuvaad Software).
5. Which portal was launched by the Supreme Court to facilitate the filing of applications for entry passes to the court premises?
Answer: SuSwagatam.
6. What is the name of the online portal for filing RTI applications related to the Supreme Court?
Answer: RTI
Portal of the Supreme Court of India.
7.
In 2024, the Supreme Court struck down
which scheme as unconstitutional? Answer: The Electoral Bonds Scheme.
8. Which constitutional bench judgment in 2024 allowed the sub-classification of Scheduled Castes for the purpose of reservation?
Answer: State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh.
9. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that legislators do not enjoy immunity from prosecution for taking bribes to vote or speak in Parliament or State Legislatures?
Answer: Sita Soren
v. Union of India (2024).
10. What is the name of the project aimed at digitizing all the records of the Supreme Court?
Answer: e-Courts Project.
11. Who was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court to pass away in 2023?
Answer: Justice M. Fathima Beevi.
12. In which case did the Supreme Court, in 2024, recognize the right to be free from the adverse effects of climate change?
Answer: M.K. Ranjitsinh
v. Union of India.
13. What is the current sanctioned strength of judges in the Supreme Court?
Answer:
34.
14. Which Article of the Constitution was the focus of the 2023 judgment upholding its abrogation?
Answer: Article 370.
15. What is the name of the software used by the Supreme Court for electronic filing of cases?
Answer: e-Filing 2.0.
16. Who is the current Attorney General for India (as of 2024)?
Answer:
R. Venkataramani.
17. Who is the current Solicitor General of India (as of 2024)?
Answer:
Tushar Mehta.
18. In which year was the e-Committee of the Supreme Court established?
Answer: 2004.
19. Who is the current chairperson of the e-Committee of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Justice D.Y. Chandrachud.
20. What is the name of the official journal of the Supreme Court of India?
Answer: Supreme Court Reports (SCR).
21. Which building was recently inaugurated as an extension to the Supreme Court complex?
Answer: Additional Office Complex (AOC).
22. In 2024, the Supreme Court held that the right to property is still a constitutional right under which Article?
Answer: Article 300A.
23. Which case led to the Supreme Court's decision to live-stream its proceedings?
Answer: Swapnil Tripathi v. Supreme Court of India (2018).
24. On which platform are the proceedings of the Supreme Constitution Bench live-streamed?
Answer: YouTube and the official website of the Supreme
Court.
25. What is the theme of the 75th anniversary celebrations of the Supreme Court of India?
Answer: '75 years of the Supreme Court of India'.
26. Who was the first woman to become a Senior Advocate in the Supreme Court?
Answer: Indu Malhotra.
27. Which Article of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court the power of review?
Answer: Article 137.
28. What is the maximum age limit for a person to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court?
Answer: 65 years (retirement age).
29. Who was the first Chief Justice of India from the state of Karnataka?
Answer: Justice E.S. Venkataramiah.
30. Which CJI had the shortest tenure in the history of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Justice Kamal Narain Singh.
31. In which year was the concept of the 'Basic Structure' introduced?
Answer: 1973.
32. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the salary of the judges of the Supreme Court?
Answer: Article 125.
33. Who appoints the officers and servants of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The Chief Justice of India.
34. What is the minimum number of judges required for a Constitution Bench?
Answer: Five.
35. Which Article of the Constitution grants the Supreme Court the power to issue directions for doing complete justice?
Answer: Article 142.
36. Who was the first woman to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court directly from the Bar?
Answer: Justice Indu Malhotra.
37. Which case is known as the 'Second Judges Case'?
Answer: Supreme
Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of_India (1993).
38. What is the name of the building where the Supreme Court of India is located?
Answer: Tilak Marg, New Delhi.
39. In which year did the Supreme Court move to its present building?
Answer: 1958.
40. Who was the Chief Justice of India when the 2019 Ayodhya verdict was delivered?
Answer: Justice Ranjan Gogoi.
41. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the appointment of ad hoc judges?
Answer: Article 127.
42. Who is the only Chief Justice of India to have served as the Vice-President of India?
Answer: Justice M. Hidayatullah.
43. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the seat of the Supreme
Court? Answer: Article 110.
44. Who was the first woman to serve as a judge of the Supreme Court of India?
Answer: Justice M. Fathima Beevi.
45. What is the total number of judges in the Supreme Court including the Chief Justice?
Answer: 34.
46. Which Article of the Constitution states that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts?
Answer: Article 141. 47.
46* Who was the first Chief Justice of India?
Answer: H.J. Kania.
47. What is the term of office for a Supreme Court judge?
Answer: Until
they reach the age of 65.
48. Which body recommends the names of judges for appointment to the Supreme Court?
Answer: The Collegium.
49. Who is the current Chief Justice of India?
Answer: Justice
Surya Kant, who was appointed on November 24, 2025.
50. Which Article of the Constitution grants the Supreme Court the power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it?
Answer: Article 137.
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